起草英文合同实用指南
起草英文合同实用指南
2016-08-01 17:15  点击:631
[摘要]英文合同按繁简不同,尽管可以采取不同书面形式,如正式合同(Contract)、协议书(Agreement)、确认书(Confirmation)、备忘录(Memorandum)、订单(Order)等等,

英文合同按繁简不同,尽管可以采取不同书面形式,如正式合同(Contract)、协议书(Agreement)、确认书(/confirm/iation)、备忘录(Memorandum)、订单(Order)等等,但是一般都包含如下几个部分:

一、 合同名称(Title)

二、前文(Preamble)

1. 订约日期和地点

Date and placeof signing

2. 合同当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所

Signing partiesand their nationalities, principal place of business or residence addresses

3. 当事人合法依据

Each party'sauthority,比如,该公司是“按当地法律正式组织而存在的”(a corporationduly organized and existing under the laws of XXX)

4. 订约缘由/说明条款

Recitals orWHEReAS clause

三、本文(Body)

1. 定义条款(Definitionclause)

2. 基本条款(Basicconditions)

3. 一般条款(General termsand conditions)

a. 合同有效期(Duration)

b. 合同的终止(Termination)

c. 不可抗力(Force Majeure)

d. 合同的让与(Assignment)

e. 仲裁(Arbitration)

f. 适用的法律(Governing law)

g. 诉讼管辖(Jurisdiction)

h. 通知手续(Notice)

i. 合同修改(Amendment)

j. 其它(Others)

四、结尾条款(WITNESSclause)

1. 结尾语,包括份数、使用的文字和效力等(Concludingsentence)

2. 签名(Signature)

3. 盖印(Seal)

以上的格式和内容并非一成不变,当事人可以根据各自交易情况做出调整或增删。

如何起草涉外合同:用语方面

一、力求严谨,明白无误:

The followingdocuments shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral partof this Contract.

下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;

This Contractcan only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documentssigned and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.

本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;

All activitiesof ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules andregulations of China.

ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。

二、多用主动语态,少用被动语态:

Party B ishereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (不宜)

乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;

Party A herebyappoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)

甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;

三、多用现在时,少用将来时,尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项:

Licensee mayterminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent toLicensor upon the happening of one of the following events:

当有下列事件之一发生,被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后,可以终止合同:

1. Licensorbecomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed;

许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;

2. The patentdescribed in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract;and

第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布;

3. Licensorfails to perform its obligations under this Contract.

许可人未能履行其合同义务。

四、直接表达方式用得多,间接表达方式用的较少:

This Articledoes not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. (用得少)

本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。

This Articleapplies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. (用得多)

本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。

五、尽量使用一个动词,避免使用“动词+名词+介词的同意短语:

Party A shallmake an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing theContract.

甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make anappointment of.

Party A willgive consideration to Party B's proposal of exclusive agency.

甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替giveconsideration to.

六、下列特殊用语使用频繁:

1.WHEReAS 鉴于

正式而重要的合同,尤其是英美法系的合同,多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的,起连词作用:

WHEReAS theEmployer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for theconstruction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad, Iraq;

鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼;

WHEReAS theContractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works;

鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;

2.WITNESS 证明

在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词:

This Agreement,made by ...

WITNESSES

WHEReAS..., itis agreed as follows:

本协议由……签订证明:鉴于……特此达成协议如下:

3. IN WITNESS WHEReOF 作为所协议事项的证据

该短语常用于合同的结尾条款:

IN WITNESSWHEReOF, the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their dulyauthorized representatives on the date first above written.

作为所协议事项的证据,双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。

4.IN ConSIDERATION OF ……为约因/报酬

约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一,没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是,大陆法系的合同则无此规定。

Now Therefore,in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein, contained, theparties hereto agree as follows:

兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:

Inconsideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B herebycovenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with theprovisions of the Contract.

乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设,以取得甲方所付的报酬。

5.NOW, THEREFORE 兹特

此短语用于WHEReAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语,并与其后hereby的结合。如果无HEREAS条款,则本短语可省略:

NOW, THEREFORE,it's hereby agreed and understood as follows;

兹特协议和谅解如下:

6.NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据

本句话也是用于WHEReAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。

PRESENTS = thepresent writings 是主语,WITNESS是谓语:

NOW THESEPRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:

兹特立约为据,并由订约双方协议如下:

7. IN THE PRESENCE OF 见证人

本短语只在有见证人时使用—在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证人签名作证,一般是相关的律师(Attorney)或公证处(Notary Public):

IN THE PRESENCEOF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals:

作为协议事项的证据,订约双方各自签名盖章如下:

For and onbehalf the first Party(甲方代表):

The EMPLOYER (雇主)…

Capacity (职位) …

In the Presenceof (见证人) …

Capacity (职位)…

Address (地址)…

For and onbehalf of the Second party(乙方代表):

The ConTRACTOR(承包人)…

Capacity (职位)…

In the Presenceof (见证人) …

Capacity (职位)…

Address (地址)…

如何起草涉外合同:其它表达方式

涉外合同还采用下列表达方式,使其更加完整、简洁、醒目、结构严谨、主次分明:

1. 采用大小标题、分章、分条、分款、分项书写。

2. 使用附录(Annex)、一览表(Schedule)等形式详列某些必要的细节作为合同的组成部分。

3. 在合同前文之后使用定义(Definition)条款—把合同中反复出现的用语加以界定意义并赋予简称,既避免解释上的分歧,又能使合同简洁:

Article 1:Definitions

1.1 The Termsas used herein shall have the following meanings:

1.1.1 The term"Products" means the products specified in Annex 2.

1.1.2 The term"components" means any assembled or unassembled parts of the Products.

4. 合同某些需要强调的部分用大写字母书写以资醒目;

This AGREEMENT… WITNESSES that WHEReAS … and WHEReAS … NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of itis hereby agreed as follows:

5. 用“括号+简称”的方式把合同中反复出现的重要词语简化,以达到准确、简洁的目的:

Foreign AdvanceBroadcasting Ltd of Amsterdam, Holland (hereinafter called 'LICENSOR") andChina Broadcasting Products Factory (hereinafter called "LICENSEE")agree to sign this Contract with the terms and conditions as follows:

6. 用“数字+文字”的方式把合同中某些重要的金额、数量、期限等加以强调,以资醒目:

US $ 4500 (SayUS. Dollars Four Thousand Five Hundred only)

INVESTOR willassist CHINESE, PARTY to construct a paper mill in Guangdong Province, China,with a planned capacity of One Million (1000000) metric tons per year.

如何起草英文合同:涉外合同撰写的注意事项

一、要能草拟多样的涉外合同:

• 要能写各种标的的合同,如以资金、技术、劳务、信息、运输等为标的的合同;

• 要能写各种贸易方式的合同—不但会写单项贸易合同,也要会写包括多项贸易方式的合同,如包括商品购买、技术转让、安装维修培训服务在内的整套设备进口合同。

• 要能草拟符合各国法律要求的合同—较为复杂的英美法系的合同;较为简单的大陆法系的合同;有所差别的社会主义法系的合同。

二、正确理解和使用合同的形式:

涉外合同订立的形式有口头和书面两种,使用哪一种要看国家法律的规定。鉴于我国涉外经济法第七条规定涉外合同需以书面形式订立,所以通过信函、电报、传真达成的协议,也要签订确认书,才会受到我国法律的保护。

三、简化合同格式和内容:

坚持使用书面合同的原则的同时,可以根据实际情况简化合同格式和内容,简化的原则如下:

• 贸易方式较简单的交易,可使用简便的表格式合同—将常用合同项目预先印成表格,然后把协商同意的内容逐项填入表中,送请对方核对签字;

• 与大陆法系国家或其他国家的商人签约,没必要使用英美法系合同前文中的订约缘由条款。比如,可将“ThisAgreement, made ... WHEReAS ... and WHEReAS ... NOW, THEREFORE, inconsideration of ... it is hereby agreed as follows:”的冗长文句简化为:“This Agreementis made ... It is mutually agreed as follows:”

• 有了“签约地点”,一般可省去“适用法律”和“诉讼管辖”条款; • “通知手续”和“完整条款”,若不是重要正式合同,可省略;

• 已有双方合法代表亲笔签字,合同可以不再盖印;

• 注意:合同的基本条款不能省略;不要因简化而忽略了合同的合法性、全面性、明确性和严密性。

四、合同用词和用语的改革:

与基础英语相比,合同的词语较复杂、繁冗、晦涩、难读。因此,国外,特别是美国要求法律文件的格式和语言应当现代化的呼声愈来愈强烈。

Robert E.Swindle早在美国1980年出版的The BusinessCommunicator一书中就写到:" ... legal and quasilegal documentscan and are being written in everyday language. Several leading companies arerewriting their legal forms voluntarily, and the State of New York recentlypassed a law requiring that businesses write consumer contracts in nontechnicallanguage. Additionally, the President of the United States has directed alladministrative agencies to write future regulations in what he termed plainEnglish for a change."

作为非英美发系的非英语国家,我们应该怎麽应对?Steven认为,万事都有个渐变的过程,长年累月沉淀下来的习惯不是一下就能改变的。所以我们首先还是应该先通晓传统的英语合同格式和用语,在精通的基础上,才能谈得上根据实际情况进行进一步的格式和用语方面的改革,否则,一切都是经不起推敲的。

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